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One of the main problems that are found with regard to forced crops is the appearance, during the growth stage, of a physiological disorder known as apical rotting, apical necrosis, peseta or blossom end rot. This damage is caused by localized calcium deficiency in the distal tissues of the fruit. The crops that tend to present symptoms of blossom end rot are tomatoes, peppers, aubergines and melons. Calcium is involved in maintaining the completeness of cell membranes, given the fact that a deficiency could cause the loss of cell contents and the destruction of tissue structure. This disorder may be recognised as a black area which is visible in the apical part of the fruit, and in crops which are sensitive, this may cause internal rotting to set in. The most common cause of apical rotting is the combination of high temperature and humidity. Apical rotting can be minimised or avoided by putting the following instructions into practice: By growing non-susceptible crops By avoiding root temperatures lower than 18º C at the beginning of crop growth By ventilating in order to avoid high atmospheric temperatures By maintaining an adequate humidity level in the inert hydroponic soil By avoiding high salt contents in warm climates By maintaining adequate levels of calcium, potassium and magnesium in the soil or via nutritive solution By wetting the passages in greenhouses at midday thoroughly; in order to increase humidity levels which decreases transpiration and the transfer …

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www.advancednutrients.com plant nutrient deficiencies, presents Erik Biksa discussing common plant nutrient deficiencies in hydroponics and organic crops

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As we all know, hydroponics is a system of growing plants in the absence of soil or dirt.  A hydroponic plant is typically grown in a nutrient solution of water and fertilizer.  In a hydroponic system, plants are provided with mechanical support such as sand, gravel, vermiculite or sawdust to keep the plant’s roots intact.
A hydroponic plant is started from seedlings in a soilless mixture such as peat moss or rock wool blocks.  Once the seedling emerges or germinates, the peat moss or rock wool blocks will be transferred to larger growing cubes.  As the root system of a hydroponic plant develops, the growing cubes may be placed inside larger growing cubes in a “pot-in-pot” system.  Also the roots of the plants are never confined and never allowed to touch one another because if the roots touch at all, the plant is considered to be overcrowded.
In cases when plants become leggy from being overcrowded, their growing blocks may be transplanted in a specific process.  The process involves the turning of the growing blocks upside-down where in the plant’s stem is made to bend into a U-shape.  This way, the plant will grow new roots from the parts of the stem that are underneath the peat while the plant becomes stronger and healthier.  This process is commonly used in hydroponic plant such as tomato vines since it works well with it.
Hydroponic plant just like soil grown plant needs nutrients for them to grow and develop.  Nutrients such as carbon and nitrogen are absorbed by the roots.  The roots are simple axial organs that produce lateral roots, and sometimes buds, but bear neither leaves nor flowers.  Elongation usually occurs in the root tip.  For soil grown plants, their roots may be very long because roots eventually elongates or extends to where nutrients are highly available.  But in the case of hydroponic plant where nutrients are already made available in significant quantity, there is no need for their roots to grow very long.  The roots of a hydroponic plant are usually short and compact, because unlike soil grown plants, where their roots are the ones moving towards the nutrients, with hydroponic system it is the nutrients that are made to move towards the roots.
The spacing of hydroponic plants may be much denser than in soil.  A space of two square feet is ideal for the root system of plants in order to avoid overcrowding.  There is also a significant effect of sunlight to hydroponic plant spacing.  The more sunlight a plant receives the more compact the root system will be.  So there is a tendency for plants that are grown in low lighting conditions of having their root system spread out further thus causing overcrowding.

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Well imagine one of these scenarios- you have a plant you really enjoy that you’d love to have more of like a rose, you have grown some really brilliant variety of tomato in your hydroponic garden and you want more of it, you have a herb you cook with frequently and need more of it or you simply just want to grow plants you as gifts for friends and family.  What do you do? You clone it in a hydroponic system.  In biological terms- participate in the process of developing similar producing populations of genetically identical individuals. Quite the mouthful?  Simply put – cloning is the process where you propagate or make copies of a whole plant from a piece of an existing plant.  This works really well in a hydroponic system.  You do this every time you take a cutting and place it in water – and as a fact plants propagate this way in nature rather easily- take strawberries and their runners as an example.

People with hydroponic systems use this method of increasing the number of plants they grow for a variety of reasons and use cloning systems to make this process easy and stress free.

Now for some details.  How do you do this to get ready for the hydroponic system?  Well let’s start off by looking at plant you are propagating.   What are you going to do to start the cloning process?

The “parent” plant should be at least 2 months and healthy.  To start a clone cut a short piece of a growing stem with a few branch points on it or what is called a terminal growing point. A terminal growing point is where a leaf is attached to a stem. Some people advocate taking the cutting first, then making a 45 degree cut under water ending at the terminal point.  Remove the lower leaves.Prepare you cloning chamber.

Now at this step there are a couple of avenues you can take based on the type of plant you are propagating. You will need different cloning powder/gel/liquid depending on what type of plant you are cloning and what methods you use. From what I have seen, the major differences are the concentration of hormone which promotes root growth and the method of cloning. Do not use an absorbent type of foam to hold the cuttings as this can and will promote disease and should be placed about 1/2? deep in your growing medium in your hydroponic system.

For a hydroponic system, the best idea is to place the hormone directly into the cloner water as gels can and will wash off in most hydroponic system cloner with constant exposure.  Just be aware of the volume of hormone to water – don’t over do it.

You need adequate light for proper and quick growth rate and a well-ventilated, cool location. This is to be found in a hydroponic system cloner. The temperature should be around 21- 23OC (70 -75 OF). The base should be a little warmer, about 26-27 OC (about 80 OF), since bottom heat encourages root growth.  The humidity should be around 90% in the hydroponic system cloner.

When you are finished your current round of hydroponic system cloning, be sure to soak everything in a bleach solution and let sit for about 12 hours.  This is to allow any residual chlorine dissipate.

Hydroponic System Cloning is an easy process and a great way to get the most from your hydroponic system- just remember – if you can grow it – you can clone it.

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Indoor gardens have become very popular lately and when you are going for artificial indoor gardens, you also need to populate that garden with indoor plants. The problem is choosing the right plants from the thousands of plant species that are on offer. To help make your job easier, I have described a selection of popular indoor plants that you can have in your indoor garden.

Snake plant

Also known as mother in law’s tongue, this plant is very easy to grow.

Spider plant

This is another of those easy to grow species and because of their highly adaptable nature; they can be grown ideally in hanging baskets. If you use tap water to water them, they can suffer from fluoride tip burn. So you have to be careful about this.

Spathiphyllum

It is one of those plants that grow extremely well in low light conditions.

Wandering Jew

This is a fast growing trailing or creeping plant, often with variegated leaves that cut a pretty sight. In many varieties of these plants, the under portions are hued a bright purple that look extremely fetching.

Yucca

This indoor plant will grow upwards and upright and that too, rather stiffly. However, with the passage of time and with age, this indoor plant may assume a rather grotesque appearance.

Many people confuse the dracaena with this plant, but they are very different. The yucca thrives in strong sun light and higher light intensities are required for it.

Wax plant

This is a creeper or vine. A few varieties of this plant consist of rather vigorous vines and they twine and entwine in order to climb. The foliage can be at times crinkled or heavily curled. In many cases, the wax plant has variegated foliage that lends it a special look.

Pothos

This is another of those very easy to grow house plants. Because this plant is adaptable by nature, you can grow it without any effort in hanging baskets.

Philodendron

This is another popular houseplant preferred by gardening enthusiasts. You will be spoilt for choice as there are innumerable varieties and species to choose from. Factors like height, leaf size and growth habit determine the differences between the species.

Peperomia

The very first thing I need to warn you about is with regards to the watering issue. People tend to easily over water their Peperomias which can cause harm to this plant. This plant is usually found in a compact size and is small in stature. But there are wide variations in coloration, texture and shape and leaf size.

Palm

It is one of the more difficult of indoor plants to grow but has attained popularity because of its graceful character.